Sawdust, wood chips, waste of plywood production, slabs, rods, trimmings, balance sheets, bark. 1. What today represent a wood waste for the majority of timber processing enterprises? 1.1. This is the main type of products, because usually more than 50% of the initial quantity of raw materials goes in the waste. 1.2. This is a permanent non-productive cost, because you want - not want and we need to spend money on their export from the territory of the enterprise at least. 1.3. It is a constant "headache", because you need to take care of the transport and how these wastes exported all the time. The major part of the waste - sawdust and shavings. Shavings are usually dry, so some enterprises have no problems, especially in winter. They are taken for heating, and agricultural enterprises take them for animals bedding. Shavings sometimes can be sold even, but still - the main problem is the instability of export from the enterprise. With sawdust is even much worse, because they are wet. Most enterprises have to hire transport (own is not profitable to keep) and export of sawdust, again the same question - where to? Some burn them directly on the territory of the enterprise. In all these cases, the enterprises are bear tangible costs and risk of being under the rather serious sanctions relevant regulatory organizations. 2. What else can you do with wood waste? The answer is obvious - they need to be pressed. Firstly, pressing solve two major problems: (a) in 4...6 times reduces transportation costs due to the reduction of waste; b) removes water from the waste, the EFFICIENCY of combustion at the same time increase with approximately 30% up to the maximum possible and limited only by the capabilities of thermal unit. Both of these factors as a result of produce 1 ton of pellets or briquettes from 7...8 m3 of sawdust. Secondly, and most importantly - as a result of the "headache "we have a product with a minimum price of 75 Euro/ton (without the VAT) and profitability of more than 50%. And now imagine that the high- quality pellets, packed in bags of 10 ... 16 kg, it sold at the price of up to 250 Euro/ton in Europe, and the wholesale price for pellets in the "Big-Bags" comes to 150 Euro/ton, briquettes on pallets up to 180 Euro/ton. All prices are without VAT. The question arises: why buyers pay such money, and had no stoke furnace, for example, the wood? The answer is simple, as all ingenious - wood (charcoal, etc.) can’t be heated in the automatic mode, pellets and briquettes washers - you can! Not only in Western Europe, but also in the Baltic, Belarus and Russia are serially produced boilers on fuel (wood, peat, etc.) granules. As for Europe, wood granules (where they are called "pellets") are bought for power plants not hundreds of thousands, and millions of tons. The price of 2011 for industrial pellets (i.e. low quality) is - 80 Euro/ton (without VAT). Why do I always add "VAT"? Because when you export, you know, it is not. That is paid at a cost of tax is subject to return to profitability this increases for another 8 to 10%.
We have a number of typical decisions on transformation of a wood waste in production. We at present create already some tens manufactures on processing of a wood waste. More in detail …
Peat is money. Under your feet. A Lot Of. It Very Much!
Peat - fuel minerals, formed in the process of dying and incomplete decomposition of marsh plants in humidity conditions and limited access of air.
Straw - dry stems of plants, as a rule, exempt from the leaves, flowers and seeds. Straw for transportation, storage and further use is pressed by special machines in rolls or bales. By sustenance it’s considerably inferior to the hay.
Lignin is a complex organic natural polymer, in the base of the lignin formula is the benzene ring. Lignin is located in the outer layers of the cell membranes of the wood mainly. This fact explains its name, from the Latin Lignum - tree wood. Deposition of lignin in the cell walls of plants leads to an increase in their strength and lignifications. Lignin is an amorphous substance of yellow-brown color; insoluble in water and organic solvents.
Husks (husk) - outside the shell plant seeds. The best known is the husks received when shelling seeds of sunflower, rice, buckwheat. It has various applications in agriculture as an additive in animal feed, as a component in the manufacture of substrate for mushrooms cultivation, in hydrolysis industries for production of alcohols and fodder yeast.
If we consider the grass as raw materials for the production of feed of farm animals, the grass is a mass of freshly cut stems, leaves and buds herbal plants. In this connection mown grass in agriculture is often called the mass of green.
Sapropel - muddy humus deposits of plant and animal origin at the bottom of the closed freshwater (marshes, lakes), containing a large amount of organic substances in a colloidal state.
