Lignin is a complex organic natural polymer, in the base of the lignin formula is the benzene ring. Lignin is located in the outer layers of the cell membranes of the wood mainly. This fact explains its name, from the Latin Lignum - tree wood. Deposition of lignin in the cell walls of plants leads to an increase in their strength and lignifications. Lignin is an amorphous substance of yellow-brown color; insoluble in water and organic solvents. Lignin in the industry are as a departure in the production of cellulose (sulfate lignin) and hydrolysis of plant materials (hydrolytic lignin). Deciduous woods contains 20 ... 30% of the lignin, needles - up to 50%. For this reason, during the production of pulp is a huge number of lignin waste is produced. Lignin is a valuable chemical raw material, have many applications. However, due to the fact that at the present time in the dumps in Russia is according to different estimates, from 100 to 200 million tons of lignin, it is interesting as a raw material for the production of fuel pellets and briquettes for us. Lignin is well granulated and briquetted, so sometimes it is added to the difficult pressing raw materials, for example - to birch waste, to improve the quality of the produced pellets and briquettes. Due to the smaller the amount of oxygen combustion heat of lignin are almost 1.5 times higher than that of the pulp. In the heaps of lignin partially decomposed and the warmth of its combustion is reduced, but most of all she is still higher than that of wood. Therefore, granulated or briquetted lignin is a good fuel. Since lignin is formed very much, he pollutes the environment and continuously lights up in a landfill, "his disposal is extremely important. Because the price of it, in fact, is negative, - the production of fuel pellets and briquettes from lignin is a highly profitable business.
Now in Byelorussia there is an installation of the equipment of factory made by us on manufacture of fuel granules from a lignin.
Sawdust, wood chips, waste of plywood production, slabs, rods, trimmings, balance sheets, bark.
1. What today represent a wood waste for the majority of timber processing enterprises?
1.1. This is the main type of products, because usually more than 50% of the initial quantity of raw materials goes in the waste.
Peat is money. Under your feet. A Lot Of. It Very Much!
Peat - fuel minerals, formed in the process of dying and incomplete decomposition of marsh plants in humidity conditions and limited access of air.
Straw - dry stems of plants, as a rule, exempt from the leaves, flowers and seeds. Straw for transportation, storage and further use is pressed by special machines in rolls or bales. By sustenance it’s considerably inferior to the hay.
Husks (husk) - outside the shell plant seeds. The best known is the husks received when shelling seeds of sunflower, rice, buckwheat. It has various applications in agriculture as an additive in animal feed, as a component in the manufacture of substrate for mushrooms cultivation, in hydrolysis industries for production of alcohols and fodder yeast.
If we consider the grass as raw materials for the production of feed of farm animals, the grass is a mass of freshly cut stems, leaves and buds herbal plants. In this connection mown grass in agriculture is often called the mass of green.
Sapropel - muddy humus deposits of plant and animal origin at the bottom of the closed freshwater (marshes, lakes), containing a large amount of organic substances in a colloidal state.
